combustible heat source for a smoking article

专利摘要:
FUEL HEAT SOURCE AND SMOKING ARTICLE. The invention relates to a combustible heat source (4) for a smoking article (2) comprising carbon and at least one ignition means, wherein the ignition means is present in an amount of at least 20 percent in dry weight of the combustible heat source. The combustible heat source (4) has a first portion and an opposite second portion. At least a part (4b) of the combustible heat source (4) between the first portion and the second portion is enclosed in a combustion resistant casing (22) which is either heat-conducting or substantially impermeable to oxygen, or both. Upon ignition of the first portion of the fuel heat source (4), the second portion of the fuel heat source increases in temperature to a first temperature. During subsequent combustion of the combustible heat source (4), the second portion of the combustible heat source (4) maintains a second temperature lower than the first temperature.
公开号:BR112013030763B1
申请号:R112013030763-3
申请日:2012-06-01
公开日:2021-06-08
发明作者:Thomas Gladden；Laurent Poget；Evan Jochnowitz；Stéphane Roudier；Alexandre Malgat；Samuel Bonnely
申请人:Philip Morris Products S.A.；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

[0001] The present invention relates to a combustible heat source for use in a smoking article and to a smoking article comprising a combustible heat source according to the invention.
[0002] Numerous smoking articles in which tobacco is heated rather than being burned have been proposed in the art. One objective of such heated smoking articles is to reduce known harmful smoke components produced by the combustion and pyrolytic degradation of tobacco in conventional cigarettes. Typically in heated smoking articles, an aerosol is generated by transferring heat from a fuel element or heat source to a physically separate aerosol generating material, which may be located within, around or downstream of the heat source. In use, the combustible heat source of the heated smoking article is ignited and volatile compounds released from the aerosol generating material by heat transfer from the combustible heat source are trapped in the exhaust air through the heated smoking article. As the released compounds are cooled, they condense to form an aerosol that is inhaled by the consumer.
[0003] For example, US-A-4,714.082 describes smoking articles comprising a high density fuel element, a physically separate aerosol generating means and a heat conducting member. The heat conducting member contacts the fuel element and the aerosol generating means around at least a portion of their surfaces and conducts heat from the burning fuel element to the aerosol generating means. In the smoking articles of US-A-4,714,082 the heat conducting member is preferably recessed from the illuminating end of the fuel element and forms a conductive container enclosing the aerosol generating means throughout the entirety. its length.
[0004] The document WO-A2-2009/022232 describes a smoking article comprising a combustible heat source, an aerosol generating substrate downstream of the combustible heat source and a heat conduction element around and in contact with a rear portion of the combustible heat source and an adjacent front portion of the aerosol generating substrate. In the smoking article of WO-A2-2009/022232, the aerosol generating substrate extends at least about 3 mm downstream of the heat conducting element.
[0005] Advantageously, the combustion temperature of a combustible heat source for use in a heated smoking article should not be so high as to result in combustion or thermal degradation of the aerosol forming material during use of the smoking article heated. However, the combustion temperature of the combustible heat source should advantageously be high enough to generate enough heat to release enough volatile compounds from the aerosol-forming material to produce an acceptable aerosol, especially during the first few puffs. To prevent a delay between a consumer's burning of the combustible heat source and the production of an acceptable aerosol, the combustible heat source must quickly reach an appropriate combustion temperature after burning it.
[0006] A variety of carbon-based and non-carbon-based combustible heat sources for use in heated smoking articles have previously been proposed in the art. Carbon-based and non-carbon-based combustible heat sources and methods for producing such heat sources are described, for example, in US-A-5,076,297 and in US-A-5,146,934.
[0007] Although many carbon-fuel based heat sources are known in the art, such heat sources are often difficult to ignite with a conventional yellow flame lighter. Additionally, when used in a heated smoking article, known carbon combustible heat sources often do not generate enough heat after burning them to produce an acceptable aerosol during the first few puffs.
[0008] It has been proposed in the art to include oxidizing agents and other additives in fuel carbon-based heat sources in order to improve their burning and combustion properties. However, in general, such additives were only included in small amounts with respect to the total weight of the carbon fuel-based heat source. For example, EP-A1-0 627 174 describes that oxidants such as perchlorates, chlorates, nitrates and permanganates can be included in the carboniferous heat sources described herein in an amount of between about 0.05% and 10% by weight of the heat source and preferably between about 0.2% and 4%.
[0009] A combustible heat source that generates enough heat to produce an acceptable aerosol during the first few puffs of a heated smoking article, but not so much heat as to result in combustion or thermal degradation of the aerosol generating material, is still needed. . Furthermore, there remains a need for a combustible heat source that is mechanically and chemically stable at ambient humidity and temperatures and can be ignited easily and quickly with a conventional yellow flame lighter.
[00010] According to the invention, there is provided a combustible heat source for a smoking article comprising carbon and at least one burning medium, wherein at least one burning medium is present in an amount of at least about 20 dry weight percent of the combustible heat source. The combustible heat source has a first portion and an opposite second portion, where at least part of the combustible heat source between the first portion and the second portion is enclosed in a combustion resistant casing that is either heat conductor or substantially impermeable to oxygen. With the burning of the first portion of the combustible heat source, the second portion of the combustible heat source has its temperature increased to a first temperature and, during subsequent combustion of the combustible heat source, the second portion of the combustible heat source maintains a second temperature lower than the first temperature.
[00011] As used here, the term 'burning medium' is used to indicate a material that releases energy or oxygen, or both, during the burning of a combustible heat source.
[00012] As used herein, the term 'burning medium' is used to indicate a material that releases energy or oxygen, or both, during the burning of the combustible heat source, where the rate of release of energy or oxygen, or of both, the material is not limited by ambient oxygen diffusion. In other words, the rate of release of energy or oxygen, or both, by the material during the burning of the combustible heat source is largely independent of the rate at which ambient oxygen can reach the material. As used here, the term 'burning medium' is also used to indicate an elemental metal that releases energy during the burning of the combustible heat source, where the elemental metal's burning temperature is below about 500°C and the heat of elemental metal combustion is at least about 5 kJ/g.
[00013] As used herein, the term 'burning medium' does not include alkali metal salts of carboxylic acids (such as alkali metal citrate salts, alkali metal acetate salts and alkali metal succinate salts), salts of alkali metal halide (such as alkali metal chloride salts), alkali metal carbonate salts or alkali metal phosphate salts, which are believed to modify the combustion of carbon. As discussed further below, even when present in a large amount relative to the total weight of the fuel heat source, such alkali metal burning salts do not release enough energy during the burning of a fuel heat source to produce an acceptable aerosol during first puffs.
[00014] As used here, the terms 'first portion' and 'second portion' are used to indicate two spaced apart regions of the combustible heat source.
[00015] As used herein, the term 'combustion resistant casing' is used to indicate a casing that remains substantially intact throughout the combustion of the combustible heat source.
[00016] As used herein, the term 'enclosure' is used to indicate that the combustion resistant enclosure is around the periphery of the combustible heat source and in direct contact with it.
[00017] According to the invention, there is further provided a smoking article comprising a combustible heat source according to the invention.
[00018] In particular, according to the invention, there is provided a smoking article comprising a combustible heat source according to the invention, and an aerosol generating substrate.
[00019] According to the invention, there is further provided a smoking article comprising a combustible heat source according to the invention, and an aerosol generating substrate downstream of the combustible heat source, where the first portion of the source The combustible heat source is one end upstream of the combustible heat source and the second portion of the combustible heat source is an end downstream of the combustible heat source.
[00020] As used herein, the terms 'upstream' and 'front', and 'downstream' and 'rear' are used to describe the relative positions of components, or component portions, of smoking articles in accordance with the invention with respect to the direction of exhaust air through smoking articles during use thereof.
[00021] Preferably, at least a rear part of the combustible heat source is enclosed in the combustion resistant casing.
[00022] Preferably, at least a rear part of the combustible heat source and at least a front part of the aerosol generating substrate are encased in the combustion resistant casing. In such embodiments, the combustion resistant housing is around and in direct contact with the periphery of at least a rear portion of the combustible heat source and the periphery of at least a front portion of the aerosol generating substrate.
[00023] Preferably, a rear part of the aerosol generating substrate is not encased in the combustion resistant casing.
[00024] Preferably, a front part of the combustible heat source is not encased in the combustion resistant casing.
[00025] With the burning of the first portion thereof, the combustible heat sources according to the invention undergo a two-stage combustion process. In an initial first stage, combustible heat sources according to the invention exhibit an 'increase' in temperature and, in a subsequent second stage, the combustible heat sources undergo sustained combustion at a lower temperature. This two-stage combustion process is reflected in the temperature profile of the second portion of the combustible heat sources according to the invention. The second portion of the combustible heat sources according to the invention have initially increased their temperature to a first 'raise' temperature and then subsequently decreased their temperature to a second 'cruise' temperature lower than the first temperature. The difference between the first temperature and the second temperature of the second portion of the combustible heat sources according to the invention establishes the magnitude of the 'increase' in the temperature of the second portion of the combustible heat sources during the first stage of combustion of the heat sources fuels.
[00026] It will be appreciated that the second portion of the combustible heat sources according to the invention may or may not be burned during the first and second stages of combustion of the combustible heat sources.
[00027] The initial 'increase' in the temperature of the second portion of the combustible heat sources according to the invention arises due to the very rapid spread of heat by all combustible heat sources with the burning of the first portion of them. The very rapid propagation of heat can be the result of a chain reaction in which a portion of the combustible heat sources that is burned triggers the burning of an unburned portion adjacent to the combustible heat sources.
[00028] In use in smoking articles according to the invention, the rapid increase in temperature of the second portion of the combustible heat sources according to the invention to the first 'raise' temperature rapidly increases the temperature of the fuel-generating substrate. aerosol from the smoking articles to a level at which volatile organic flavor and flavor compounds are generated from the aerosol generating substrate. This ensures that smoking articles according to the invention produce a sensory acceptable first puff aerosol. The subsequent decrease in the temperature of the second portion of the combustible heat sources according to the invention to the second 'cruising' temperature ensures that the temperature of the aerosol generating substrate of the smoking articles does not reach a level at which combustion occurs. or thermal degradation of the aerosol generating substrate.
[00029] Controlling the temperature of the second portion of the combustible heat sources according to the invention in the manner described above advantageously allows smoking articles according to the invention to be provided that not only produce a sensory acceptable aerosol during the first puffs, but in which combustion or thermal degradation of the aerosol generating substrate is also substantially prevented.
[00030] The combustible heat sources according to the invention comprise at least one burning medium, wherein at least one burning medium is present in an amount of at least about 20 percent dry weight of the combustible heat source.
[00031] The amount of energy or oxygen, or both, released by at least one burning medium during the burning of the combustible heat source must be sufficient to result in the combustible heat source going through the combustion process of two stages described above.
[00032] It will be appreciated that the amount of at least one burning medium that has to be included in a combustible heat source according to the invention in order to achieve the two-stage process described above is varied depending on at least one medium of specific burning included in the combustible heat source.
[00033] In general, the greater the amount of energy or oxygen, or both, released by at least one burning medium per unit mass thereof, the smaller the amount of at least one burning medium that has to be included in a combustible heat source according to the invention in order to achieve the two-stage combustion process described above.
[00034] In some embodiments, at least one burning medium is preferably present in an amount of at least 25 percent, more preferably at least about 30 percent, and most preferably at least about 40 percent in dry weight of the combustible heat source.
[00035] Preferably, at least one burning medium is present in an amount of less than about 65 percent dry weight of the combustible heat source.
[00036] In some embodiments, at least one burning medium is preferably present in an amount of at least about 60 percent, more preferably less than about 55 dry weight of the combustible heat source, and most preferably of less than about 50 dry weight of the combustible heat source.
[00037] Unless otherwise stated, the temperatures of the combustible heat sources according to the invention provided in the following description of the invention are temperatures of the combustible heat sources, as measured singly. As used herein, the terms 'isolated' and 'isolated' are used to describe a combustible heat source in accordance with the invention when separated from the remainder of a smoking article in accordance with the invention.
[00038] The temperatures of insulated combustible heat sources according to the invention provided in the following description are measured using a thermoelement inserted a short distance of between about 1 mm and about 2 mm in a distal region of the second portion of the source of combustible heat.
[00039] As used herein, the term 'distal region' is used to indicate a region of the second portion of the combustible heat source located farthest away from the first portion of the combustible heat source that is combusted.
[00040] Preferably, the first temperature of the second portion of the combustible heat sources according to the invention is at least about 400°C.
[00041] Preferably, the first temperature of the second portion of the combustible heat sources according to the invention is less than or equal to about 1200°C.
[00042] Preferably, the first temperature of the second portion of the combustible heat sources according to the invention is between about 400°C and about 1200°C.
[00043] The second temperature of the second portion of the combustible heat sources according to the invention is lower than the first temperature of the second portion of the combustible heat sources according to the invention.
[00044] Preferably, the second temperature of the second portion of the combustible heat sources according to an invention is at least about 200°.
[00045] Preferably, the second temperature of the second portion of the combustible heat sources according to the invention is less than or equal to about 1000°C.
[00046] Preferably, the second temperature of the second portion of the combustible heat sources according to the invention is between about 200°C and about 1000°C.
[00047] Preferably, the first temperature of the second portion of the combustible heat sources according to the invention is at least about 400°C and the second temperature of the second portion of the combustible heat sources according to the invention is at least of about 200°C.
[00048] Preferably, the first temperature of the second portion of the combustible heat sources according to the invention is less than or equal to about 1200° and the second temperature of the second portion of the combustible heat sources according to the invention is less than or equal to about 1000°C.
[00049] Preferably, the second temperature of the second portion of the combustible heat sources according to the invention is between about 200°C and about 1000°C lower than the first temperature of the second portion of the combustible heat sources. More preferably, the second temperature of the second portion of the combustible heat sources according to the invention is between about 200°C and about 500°C lower than the first temperature of the second portion of the combustible heat sources.
[00050] The initial 'rise' in temperature of the second portion of the combustible heat sources according to the invention is preferably initiated at low temperature with the ignition of the first portion of the combustible heat sources with the use of a low energy lighter or another means of burning.
[00051] Preferably, the burning temperature of the first portion of the combustible heat sources according to the invention is between about 200°C and about 1000°C, more preferably between about 300°C and about 800°C , more preferably between about 300°C and about 500°C.
[00052] In particularly preferred embodiments of the invention, the first portion of the combustible heat sources according to the invention can be ignited with a conventional yellow flame lighter in 15 seconds or less, more preferably in 10 seconds or less, and more preferably still in 5 seconds or less.
[00053] As used herein, the term 'ignited' is used to indicate that at least part of the first portion of the combustible heat source is sustainably burning and that combustion is propagating to other parts of the combustible heat source.
[00054] The temperature of the second portion of the combustible heat sources according to the invention is not directly influenced by the temperature of the lighter or other burning means used to burn the first portion thereof.
[00055] With the burning of the first portion of the combustible heat sources according to the invention, the second portion of the combustible heat sources has preferably increased its temperature to the first temperature at a rate of between about 100°C/second and about 100°C/second, more preferably at a rate of between about 400°C/second and about 800°C/second.
[00056] With the burning of the first portion of the combustible heat sources according to the invention, the second portion of the combustible heat sources preferably increases in temperature to the first temperature within between about L/20 seconds and about 2L seconds , more preferably within between about 1/10 seconds and about 1 seconds, and most preferably within between about 1/10 seconds and about 1/2 seconds. As used herein, 'L' is used to indicate the distance in mm between the first portion of the combustible heat sources according to the invention that is burned and the opposite second portion of the combustible heat sources.
[00057] For example, when the distance in mm between the first portion and the second portion of a combustible heat source according to the invention is about 10 mm, with the burning of the first portion of the combustible heat source, the the second portion of the combustible heat source has preferably increased its temperature to the first temperature within between about 0.5 second and about 20 seconds, more preferably within between about 1 second and about 10 seconds, and most preferably still within between about 1 second and about 5 seconds.
[00058] As described above, with the rapid increase to the first 'rise' temperature, the temperature of the second portion of the combustible heat sources according to the invention subsequently then decreases to the second 'cruise' temperature. Preferably, the second portion of the combustible heat sources according to the invention has its temperature decreased from the first temperature to the second temperature within between about 1 second and about 30 seconds, more preferably between about 1 second and about 20 seconds, and most preferably between about 1 second and about 15 seconds. In particularly preferred embodiments of the invention, the second portion of the combustible heat sources according to the invention has its temperature decreased from the first temperature to the second temperature within between about 1 second and about 10 seconds, more preferably within about about 10 seconds. 1 second and about 5 seconds.
[00059] Preferably, the temperature of the second portion of the combustible heat sources according to the invention remains substantially stable at the second temperature for at least about 3 minutes, more preferably for at least 4 minutes, and most preferably for at least 5 minutes.
[00060] As used herein, the term 'substantially stable' is used to describe a temperature range of less than or equal to about 50°C.
[00061] The first and second temperatures of the second portion of the combustible heat sources according to the invention, as measured within smoking articles according to the invention, may be equal to the first and second temperatures of the second portion of the heat sources. combustible heat according to the invention, as measured singly.
[00062] However, it will be appreciated that, in use in smoking articles according to the invention, the temperature of the second portion of the combustible heat sources according to the invention may be affected, for example, by composition, quantity, shape, dimensions and location of the aerosol generating substrate and other components of the smoking articles. Consequently, the first and second temperatures of the second portion of the combustible heat sources in accordance with the invention, as measured within smoking articles in accordance with the invention, may differ from the first and second temperatures of the second portion of the combustible heat sources of according to the invention, as measured separately.
[00063] The combustible heat sources according to the invention can be produced having different shapes and dimensions depending on their intended use.
[00064] Preferably, the combustible heat sources according to the invention are elongated combustible heat sources. The first portion of the elongated combustible heat sources according to the invention is a first end of the elongated combustible heat sources and the second portion of the elongated combustible heat sources according to the invention is an opposite second end of the elongated combustible heat sources.
[00065] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, an elongated combustible heat source is provided for a smoking article comprising carbon and at least one burning medium, where at least one burning medium is present in an amount of at least one. minus about 20 percent dry weight of the fuel heat source, the elongated fuel heat source having an upstream end and an opposite downstream end, where at least part of the elongated fuel heat source between the upstream end and the the downstream end is encased in a combustion resistant enclosure that is either heat conductor or substantially impermeable to oxygen, or both, and where, with the burning of the upstream end of the elongated fuel heat source, the downstream end of the fuel source elongated fuel heat has its temperature increased to a first temperature and where, during the subsequent combustion of the elongated fuel heat source, the end. The downstream elongated fuel heat source maintains a second temperature lower than the first temperature.
[00066] Preferably, the elongated combustible heat sources according to the invention are substantially rod-shaped.
[00067] More preferably, the elongated combustible heat sources according to the invention are substantially cylindrical. The first portion of the cylindrical combustible heat sources according to the invention is a first end face of the cylindrical combustible heat sources and the second portion of the cylindrical combustible heat sources according to the invention is a second opposite end face of the sources of cylindrical fuels.
[00068] According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, a cylindrical combustible heat source is provided for a smoking article comprising carbon and at least one burning medium, wherein at least one burning medium is present in an amount of at least about 20 percent dry weight of the fuel heat source, the cylindrical fuel heat source having an upstream end face and an opposite downstream end face, where at least part of the cylindrical fuel heat source is between the upstream end face and the downstream end face is encased in a combustion resistant casing which is either heat conductor or substantially impermeable to oxygen, or both, and where, with the burning of the upstream end face of the source of cylindrical fuel heat, the downstream end face of the cylindrical fuel heat source increases in temperature to a first temperature and where, during combustion. Subsequent use of the cylindrical fuel heat source, the downstream end face of the cylindrical fuel heat source maintains a second temperature lower than the first temperature.
[00069] Preferably, elongated combustible heat sources according to the invention have a substantially circular, oval or elliptical cross section.
Preferably, the elongated combustible heat sources according to the invention have a diameter of between about 5 mm and about 9 mm, more preferably between about 7 mm and about 8 mm. As used herein, the term 'diameter' indicates the maximum transverse dimension of the elongated combustible heat sources in accordance with the invention.
[00071] Preferably, the elongated combustible heat sources according to the invention have a substantially uniform diameter. Meanwhile, elongated combustible heat sources in accordance with the invention may alternatively be tapered so that the downstream end diameter of the elongated combustible heat sources is greater than the upstream end diameter of the elongated combustible heat sources.
[00072] Preferably, elongated combustible heat sources according to the invention have a length of between about 7 mm and about 17 mm, more preferably between about 11 mm and about 15 mm, and most preferably of between about 11 mm and about 13 mm. As used herein, the term 'length' indicates the maximum longitudinal dimension of elongated combustible heat sources in accordance with the invention between the upstream end and the downstream end thereof.
[00073] The elongated combustible heat sources according to the invention can be encased in a combustion resistant casing along substantially its entire length. Alternatively, the elongated combustible heat sources according to the invention may be encased in a combustion resistant casing along only a portion of their length.
[00074] Preferably, at least a downstream part of the elongated combustible heat sources according to the invention is enclosed in the combustion resistant casing.
[00075] Preferably, an upstream part of elongated combustible heat sources according to the invention is not enclosed in the combustion resistant casing.
[00076] The combustible heat sources according to the invention can be enclosed in a combustion resistant casing that is heat conductor.
[00077] In use in smoking articles according to the invention, heat generated during combustion of combustible heat sources according to the invention enclosed in a heat-conducting combustion resistant casing can be transferred by conduction to the substrate of aerosol generation of the smoking articles via the heat conducting combustion resistant casing. This can significantly reach the temperature of the second portion of the combustible heat sources. The heat drain exerted by conductive heat transfer can significantly lower the temperature of the second portion of the combustible heat sources. This increases the difference between the first temperature and the second temperature of the second portion of the combustible heat sources and therefore the magnitude of the 'increase' in temperature of the second portion of the combustible heat sources.
[00078] In use, in such embodiments, the heat drainage exerted by the transfer of conductive heat through the heat-conductive combustion resistant housing can keep the second temperature of the second portion of the combustible heat sources significantly below the automatic burning temperature of the second portion of the combustible heat sources.
[00079] Alternatively or additionally, the combustible heat sources according to the invention may be encased in an oxygen-restricted combustion resistant enclosure that restricts or prevents access of oxygen to at least part of the combustible heat sources enclosed in the enclosure resistant to oxygen restriction combustion. For example, the combustible heat sources according to the invention can be enclosed in a combustion resistant enclosure substantially impermeable to oxygen.
[00080] In such embodiments, at least part of the combustible heat sources encased in the oxygen-restricting combustion resistant enclosure substantially lacks access to oxygen. Therefore, in such embodiments, at least part of the combustible heat sources encased in the oxygen-restricting combustion resistant casing is not combusted during the second stage of combustion of the combustible heat sources.
[00081] Preferably, the combustible heat sources according to the invention are encased in a combustion resistant casing that is both heat conductor and oxygen restriction.
[00082] Combustion resistant casings suitable for use in the invention include, but are not limited to, sheet metal casings such as, for example, aluminum foil casings, steel sheet casings, iron sheet casings and casings from copper sheet, to metal alloy sheet wrappers, to graphite sheet wrappers, to fiberglass wrappers, to ceramic fiber wrappers, and to certain paper wrappers.
[00083] Preferably, the combustible heat sources according to the invention have substantially a homogeneous composition.
[00084] However, the combustible heat sources according to the invention may alternatively be composite combustible heat sources.
[00085] Preferably, the combustible heat sources according to the invention have a carbon content of at least about 35 percent, more preferably at least about 40 percent, and most preferably at least about 45 percent. dry weight percent of the combustible heat source.
[00086] In some embodiments, the combustible heat sources according to the invention may be carbon-based combustible heat sources.
[00087] As used here, the term 'carbon-based heat source' is used to describe a heat source comprised primarily of carbon.
[00088] The carbon-based fuel heat sources according to the invention preferably have a carbon content of at least about 50 percent, more preferably at least about 60 percent, and most preferably at least about 80 percent dry weight of the carbon-based fuel heat source.
[00089] Preferably, the combustible heat sources according to the invention have a porosity of between about 20% and about 80%, more preferably between about 40% and 60%.
[00090] The combustible heat sources according to the invention preferably comprise at least one burning means that releases energy during the burning of the first portion of the combustible heat sources.
[00091] In such embodiments, the release of energy by at least one burning medium with the burning of the first portion of the combustible heat sources directly causes an 'increase' in temperature during the first stage of combustion of the combustible heat sources. This is reflected in the temperature profile of the second portion of the combustible heat sources.
[00092] As stated above, as used herein, the term 'burning medium' does not include alkali metal salts of carboxylic acids (such as alkali metal citrate salts, alkali metal acetate salts and alkali metal succinate salts ), alkali metal halide salts (such as alkali metal chloride salts), alkali metal carbonate salts or alkali metal phosphate salts. As illustrated in Figure 9, even when present in a large amount relative to the total weight of the combustible heat source, such alkali metal burning salts do not release enough energy during the burning of a combustible heat source to cause an 'swell' in temperature during the first stage of combustion of the combustible heat source.
[00093] The combustible heat sources according to the invention may comprise one or more burning means that consist of a single element or compound that releases energy with the burning of the first portion of the combustible heat sources. For example, in certain embodiments, the combustible heat sources according to the invention may comprise one or more energetic materials that consist of a single element or compound that exothermically reacts with oxygen with the burning of the first portion of the combustible heat sources. Examples of suitable energy materials include, but are not limited to, aluminum, iron, magnesium and zirconium.
[00094] Alternatively or additionally, the combustible heat sources according to the invention may comprise one or more burning means comprising two or more elements or compounds that react with each other to release energy by burning the first portion of the heat sources fuels. For example, in certain embodiments, combustible heat sources according to the invention may comprise one or more thermites or thermite compounds that comprise a reducing agent, such as, for example, a metal, and an oxidizing agent, such as, for example, a metallic oxide, which react with each other to release energy by burning the first portion of the combustible heat sources. Examples of suitable metals include, but are not limited to magnesium, and examples of suitable metal oxides include, but are not limited to iron oxide (Fe2O3) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3).
[00095] In other embodiments, the combustible heat sources according to the invention may comprise one or more burning means comprising other materials that undergo exothermic reactions with the burning of the first portion of the combustible heat sources. Examples of suitable metals include, but are not limited to, intermetallic and bimetallic materials, metal carbides and metal hydrides.
[00096] The combustible heat sources according to the invention preferably comprise at least one burning medium that releases oxygen during the burning of the first portion of the combustible heat sources.
[00097] In such embodiments, the release of oxygen by at least one burning medium with the burning of the first portion of the combustible heat sources indirectly results in an 'increase' in temperature during the first stage of combustion of the combustible heat sources with increasing the combustion rate of combustible heat sources. This is reflected in the temperature profile of the second portion of the combustible heat sources.
[00098] For example, the combustible heat sources according to the invention may comprise one or more oxidizing agents that are decomposed to release oxygen upon burning the first portion of the combustible heat sources. Combustible heat sources according to the invention may comprise organic oxidizing agents, inorganic oxidizing agents or a combination thereof. Examples of suitable oxidizing agents include, but are not limited to, nitrates such as, for example, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, strontium nitrate, sodium nitrate, barium nitrate, lithium nitrate, aluminum nitrate and iron nitrate ; to nitrides; to other organic and inorganic nitro compounds; to chlorates such as, for example, sodium chlorate and potassium chlorate; to perchlorates such as, for example, sodium perchlorate; to chlorides; to bromates such as sodium bromate and potassium bromate; to perbromates; to bromites; to borates, such as, for example, sodium borate and potassium borate; to ferrates, such as, for example, barium ferrate; to ferrites; to manganates, such as, for example, potassium manganate; to permanganates, such as, for example, potassium permanganate; to organic peroxides, such as, for example, benzoyl peroxide and acetone peroxide; to inorganic peroxides, such as, for example, hydrogen peroxide, strontium peroxide, magnesium peroxide, calcium peroxide, barium peroxide, zinc peroxide and lithium peroxide; to superoxides, such as, for example, potassium superoxide and sodium superoxide; to iodates; to periodates; to iodites; to sulfates; to sulfides; to other sulfoxides; to phosphates; to phosphinates; to phosphites; and phosphanites.
[00099] Alternatively or additionally, the combustible heat sources according to the invention may comprise one or more oxygen storage or capture materials that release oxygen by burning the first portion of the combustible heat sources. Combustible heat sources according to the invention may comprise oxygen storage or capture materials that store and release oxygen through encapsulation, physisorption, chemisorption, structural change or a combination thereof. Examples of suitable oxygen storage or capture materials include, but are not limited to metal surfaces, such as, for example, metallic silver or metallic gold surfaces; to mixed metal oxides; to molecular sieves; to zeolites; to metal-organic structures; to covalent organic structures; to spinel; and to perovskites.
[000100] The combustible heat sources according to the invention may comprise one or more burning means that consist of a single element or compound that release oxygen with the burning of the first portion of the combustible heat sources. Alternatively or additionally, the combustible heat sources according to the invention may comprise one or more burning means comprising two or more elements or compounds which react with each other to release oxygen upon burning the first portions of the combustible heat source.
[000101] The combustible heat sources according to the invention may comprise one or more burning means that release both energy and oxygen by burning the first portion of the combustible heat sources. For example, the combustible heat sources according to the invention can comprise one or more oxidizing agents that are exothermically decomposed to release oxygen upon burning the first portion of the combustible heat sources.
[000102] Alternatively or additionally, the combustible heat sources according to the invention may comprise one or more burning means that release energy by burning the first portion of the combustible heat sources and one or more burning means that are different with with respect to one or more first burners, which release oxygen upon burning the first portion of the combustible heat sources.
[000103] In one embodiment, the combustible heat sources according to the invention comprise at least one metal nitrate salt having a thermal decomposition temperature of less than about 600°C, more preferably less than about 400° Ç.
[000104] Preferably, at least one metal nitrate salt has a decomposition temperature of between about 150°C and about 600°C, more preferably between about 200°C and about 400°C.
[000105] In such embodiments, when the first portion of the combustible heat sources is exposed to a conventional yellow flame lighter or other burning medium, at least one metal nitrate salt will be decomposed to release oxygen and energy. This causes an initial rise in the temperature of the fuel heat sources and also aids in the burning of the fuel heat sources. After complete decomposition of at least one metal nitrate salt, combustible heat sources continue to burn at a lower temperature.
[000106] The inclusion of at least one metal nitrate salt advantageously results in the burning of combustible heat sources that are initiated internally, and not just at a point on the surface thereof. Preferably, at least one metal nitrate salt is substantially homogeneously distributed across all combustible heat sources.
[000107] As previously explained above, in use, the increase in temperature of combustible heat sources with the burning of the first portion thereof resulting from the decomposition of at least one metal nitrate salt is reflected in the increase in temperature of the second portion of the combustible heat sources for the first 'rise' temperature. In use in smoking articles in accordance with the invention, this advantageously ensures that sufficient heat is transferred from the combustible heat sources to the aerosol forming material of the smoking articles to produce an acceptable aerosol during the first puffs thereof.
[000108] As also previously explained above, the subsequent decrease in the temperature of the combustible heat sources after the decomposition of at least one metal nitrate salt is also reflected in the subsequent decrease in the temperature of the second portion of the combustible heat sources for the second 'cruising' temperature. In use, in smoking articles according to the invention, this advantageously ensures that the aerosol generating substrate of the smoking articles is not thermally degraded or ignited.
[000109] The magnitude and duration of the increase in temperature resulting from the decomposition of at least one metal nitrate salt can be advantageously controlled by the nature and amount of at least one metal nitrate salt in combustible heat sources.
[000110] Preferably, at least one metal nitrate salt is present in the combustible heat sources in an amount of between about 20 percent and about 50 percent dry weight of the combustible heat sources.
[000111] Preferably, at least one metal nitrate salt is selected from the group consisting of potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, strontium nitrate, barium nitrate, lithium nitrate, aluminum nitrate and sodium nitrate iron.
[000112] Preferably, the combustible heat sources according to the invention comprise at least two different metal nitrate salts.
[000113] In one embodiment, the combustible heat sources according to the invention comprise potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate and strontium nitrate. Preferably, potassium nitrate is present in an amount of between about 5 percent and about 15 percent dry weight of the combustible heat sources, calcium nitrate is present in an amount of between about 2 percent and about 10 percent dry weight of the combustible heat sources and the strontium nitrate is present in an amount of between about 15 percent by weight and about 25 percent dry weight of the combustible heat sources.
[000114] In another embodiment, the combustible heat sources according to the invention comprise at least one peroxide or superoxide that actively envelops oxygen at a temperature of less than about 600°C, more preferably at a temperature of less than about 400°C.
[000115] Preferably, at least one peroxide or superoxide actively evolves oxygen at a temperature of between about 150°C and about 600°C, more preferably between about 200°C and about 400°C, and most preferably still at a temperature of about 350°C.
[000116] In use, when the first portion of the combustible heat sources is exposed to a conventional yellow flame lighter or other burning medium, at least one peroxide or superoxide will be decomposed to release oxygen. This causes an initial rise in the temperature of the combustible heat sources and also aids in the burning of the combustible heat sources. After complete decomposition of at least one peroxide or superoxide, combustible heat sources continue to burn at a lower temperature.
[000117] The inclusion of at least one peroxide or superoxide advantageously results in the burning of combustible heat sources that are initiated internally, and not just at a point on the surface thereof. Preferably, at least one peroxide or superoxide is substantially homogeneously distributed across all combustible heat sources.
[000118] As previously explained above, in use, the increase in temperature of combustible heat sources with the burning of the first portion thereof resulting from the decomposition of at least one peroxide or superoxide is reflected in the increase in temperature of the second portion of the heat sources. combustible heat for the first 'rise' temperature. In use in smoking articles in accordance with the invention, this advantageously ensures that sufficient heat is transferred from the combustible heat sources to the aerosol forming material of the smoking articles in accordance with the invention to produce an acceptable aerosol during the first puffs. of the same.
[000119] As also previously explained above, the subsequent decrease in the temperature of the combustible heat sources after the decomposition of at least one peroxide or superoxide is also reflected in the subsequent decrease in the temperature of the second portion of the combustible heat sources for the second temperature ' cruise'. In use in the smoking articles according to the invention, this advantageously ensures that the aerosol generating substrate of the smoking articles is not thermally degraded or burnt.
[000120] The magnitude and duration of the increase in temperature resulting from the decomposition of at least one peroxide or superoxide can be advantageously controlled through the nature and amount of at least one peroxide in combustible heat sources.
[000121] At least one peroxide or superoxide is preferably present in combustible heat sources in an amount of between about 20 percent and about 50 percent dry weight of combustible heat sources, more preferably in an amount of between about 30 percent and about 50 percent dry weight of the combustible heat sources.
[000122] Peroxides and superoxides suitable for inclusion in combustible heat sources according to the invention include, but are not limited to, calcium peroxide, strontium peroxide, magnesium peroxide, barium peroxide, lithium peroxide, to zinc peroxide, potassium superoxide and sodium superoxide.
[000123] Preferably, at least one peroxide is selected from the group consisting of calcium peroxide, strontium peroxide, magnesium peroxide, barium peroxide and combinations thereof. The inclusion of at least one peroxide or superoxide will be particularly preferred when combustible heat sources according to the invention are carbon-based combustible heat sources.
[000124] The combustible heat sources according to the invention can be formed from one or more suitable materials containing carbon. Suitable carbon-containing materials are well known in the art and include, but are not limited to carbon powder.
[000125] If desired, one or more binders can be combined with one or more carbon-containing materials. One or more binders can be organic binders, inorganic binders or a combination thereof. Suitable known organic binders include, but are not limited to, gums such as, for example, guar gum; to modified celluloses and cellulose derivatives, such as, for example, methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose; to wheat flour; to starches; to sugars; to vegetable oils; and combinations thereof.
[000126] Suitable known inorganic binders include, but are not limited to clays such as, for example, bentonite and kaolinite; to aluminosilicate derivatives such as, for example, cement, alkali activated aluminosilicates; to alkali silicates, such as, for example, sodium silicates and potassium silicates; to limestone derivatives, such as, for example, lime and hydrated lime; to alkaline earth compounds and derivatives, such as, for example, magnesia cement, magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate, calcium phosphate and dicalcium phosphate; and to aluminum compounds and derivatives, such as, for example, aluminum sulfate.
[000127] In one embodiment, combustible heat sources according to the invention are formed from a mixture of carbon powder; modified cellulose, such as, for example, carboxylmethylcellulose; flour, such as, for example, wheat flour; and sugar, such as, for example, white crystalline sugar derived from sugar beet.
[000128] In another embodiment, the combustible heat sources according to the invention are formed from a mixture of carbon powder, modified cellulose, such as, for example, carboxylmethylcellulose, and optionally bentonite.
[000129] In place of or in addition to one or more binders, other additives can also be combined with one or more carbon-containing materials in order to improve the properties of the combustible heat sources. Suitable additives include, but are not limited to, additives to promote consolidation of combustible heat sources (eg, sintering media such as calcium carbonate), additives to promote combustion of combustible heat sources (eg, potassium and alkali metal burning salts, eg potassium salts such as potassium chloride and potassium citrate) and additives to promote the decomposition of one or more gases produced by combustion of combustible heat sources, eg catalysts such such as copper oxide (CuO), iron oxide (Fe2O3), iron oxide silicate powder and aluminum oxide (Al2O3).
[000130] One or more carbon-containing materials are preferably mixed with one or more binders, where included, and preformed into a desired shape. The mixture of one or more carbon-containing materials, or one or more binders and other additives can be preformed into a desired shape using any suitable known ceramic forming methods, such as, for example, pour molding, extrusion, molding by injection and matrix compression or pressing. Preferably, the mixture is preformed into a desired shape by pressing or extrusion.
[000131] Preferably, the mixture of one or more carbon-containing materials, one or more binders and other additives is pre-formed into a cylindrical rod. However, it will be appreciated that the mixture of one or more carbon-containing materials, one or more binders and other additives can be preformed into other desired shapes.
[000132] After forming, the cylindrical rod or other desired shape is preferably dried to reduce its moisture content.
[000133] In a first embodiment of the heat source production process, the dry cylindrical rod is pyrolyzed in a non-oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature sufficient to carbonize one or more binders, when present, and substantially eliminate any volatiles in the cylindrical rod or other way. Preferably, the cylindrical rod or other desired shape is pyrolyzed in an atmosphere of nitrogen at a temperature of between about 700°C and about 900°C. At least one metal nitrate salt can be incorporated into combustible heat sources according to the invention with the inclusion of at least one metal nitrate precursor in the mixture of one or more carbon-containing materials, one or more binders and other additives and then with the subsequent conversion of the at least one metal nitrate precursor to the at least one metal nitrate salt in place, with treating the pyrolyzed preformed cylindrical rod or otherwise with an aqueous solution of nitric acid.
[000134] At least one metal nitrate precursor can be any metal or metal containing compound, such as, for example, metal oxide or metal carbonate, which reacts with nitric acid to form a metal nitrate salt. Suitable metal nitrate salt precursors include, but are not limited to, calcium carbonate, potassium carbonate, calcium oxide, strontium carbonate, lithium carbonate and dolomite (calcium magnesium carbonate).
Preferably, the concentration of the aqueous solution of nitric acid is between about 20 percent and about 50 percent by weight, more preferably between about 30 percent and about 40 percent by weight. As well as converting at least one metal nitrate precursor to at least one metal nitrate salt, the treatment of combustible heat sources according to the invention with nitric acid advantageously enhances the porosity of the combustible heat sources, activates the structure of carbon with increasing surface area thereof and results in a substantially homogeneous distribution of at least one metal nitrate salt across all combustible heat sources.
[000136] The aqueous solution of nitric acid may further comprise one or more water-soluble metal nitrate salts having a thermal decomposition temperature of less than about 400°C. For example, the aqueous solution of nitric acid can additionally comprise potassium nitrate. As well as converting at least one metal nitrate precursor to at least one metal nitrate salt, treating combustible heat sources according to the invention with nitric acid comprising one or more substantially water-soluble metal nitrate salts it advantageously infiltrates combustible heat sources with one or more substantially water-soluble nitrates.
[000137] Alternatively or additionally, at least one metal nitrate salt can be incorporated in the combustible heat sources according to the invention with direct infiltration of the pyrolysed preformed form with a solution comprising at least one metal nitrate salt. metal.
[000138] Preferably, the combustible heat sources according to the invention are infiltrated with an aqueous solution of at least one metal nitrate salt. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, combustible heat sources according to the invention are infiltrated with an aqueous solution comprising potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate and strontium nitrate.
[000139] The combustible heat sources according to the invention are preferably infiltrated with aqueous solutions comprising at least one metal nitrate salt. Preferably, the at least one metal nitrate salt has a water solubility of at least about 30 g/100 ml at 25°C.
[000140] However, it will be appreciated that combustible heat sources according to the invention may alternatively be infiltrated with non-aqueous solutions comprising at least one metal nitrate salt.
[000141] In a second embodiment of the heat source production process, one or more materials containing carbon, one or more binders, other additives and at least one burning medium are mixed and formed into a desired shape, for example, by pressing or extrusion without a pyrolysis step. This method will preferably be used when at least one burning medium comprises one or more materials selected from the group consisting of peroxides, thermites, intermetallics, magnesium, aluminum and zirconium.
[000142] Preferably, the combustible heat sources according to the invention have a mass of between about 300 mg and about 500 mg, more preferably between about 400 mg and about 450 mg before infiltration with a solution that comprises at least one metal nitrate salt.
[000143] The porosity of combustible heat sources has a substantial impact on their burning and combustion properties. Combustible heat sources in accordance with the invention have a porosity of between about 20 percent and about 80 percent, more preferably between about 20 percent and 60 percent. When the combustible heat source comprises at least one metal nitrate salt, this advantageously will allow oxygen to diffuse into the mass of the combustible heat source at a rate sufficient to sustain combustion, since at least one metal nitrate salt it is decomposed and combustion proceeds.
[000144] The required porosity can be readily achieved during the production of combustible heat sources according to the invention using conventional methods and technology, and can be measured by a mercury porosimetry and helium pycnometry in known manner.
[000145] For example, combustible heat sources according to the invention having a porosity of between about 20 percent and about 80 percent can be prepared by pyrolysis of a mixture comprising a carbon-containing material and one or more builders of suitable known pores. Suitable known pore formers include, but are not limited to corn, cellulose flakes, stearate, carbonates, polyethylene and polypropylene strands, wood pellets and cork.
[000146] Alternatively or additionally, the combustible heat sources according to the invention can be treated with an acid in order to obtain a desired porosity.
[000147] Advantageously, the combustible heat sources according to the invention have a bulk density of between about 0.6 g/cm3 and about 1.0 g/cm3.
[000148] The combustible heat sources according to the invention can be 'blind' combustible heat sources. As used here, the term 'blind combustible heat source' is used to indicate a combustible heat source that does not contain any longitudinal airflow channels. As used herein, the term 'longitudinal airflow channel' is used to indicate an orifice that passes through an inner portion of the fuel heat source and extends along the entire length of the fuel heat source.
[000149] Alternatively, the combustible heat sources according to the invention may comprise at least one longitudinal air flow channel. For example, combustible heat sources according to the invention comprise one, two or three longitudinal air flow channels. In such embodiments, combustible heat sources according to the invention preferably comprise a single longitudinal air flow channel, more preferably a single substantially central longitudinal air flow channel. The diameter of the single longitudinal airflow channel is preferably between about 1.5 mm and about 3 mm.
[000150] The inner surface of at least one longitudinal air flow channel of combustible heat sources according to the invention can be partially or fully coated. Preferably, the coating covers the inner surface of all longitudinal airflow channels.
[000151] Preferably, the coating comprises a layer of solid particulate matter and is substantially impermeable to air. Advantageously, the substantially air-impermeable coating has a low thermal conductivity. The coating can be formed from one or more suitable materials that are substantially thermally stable and non-combustible at the combustion temperature of the combustible heat sources. Suitable materials are known in the art and include, for example, clays, metal oxides such as iron oxides, alumina, titania, silica, silica-alumina, zirconia and ceria, zeolites, zirconium phosphate and other ceramic materials or combinations of the same. Preferred coating materials include clays, glasses and iron oxide. If desired, catalytic ingredients, such as ingredients that promote the oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide, can be incorporated into the coating material. Suitable catalytic ingredients include, for example, platinum, palladium, transition metals and their oxides.
Preferably, the coating has a thickness of between about 30 microns and about 200 microns, more preferably between about 50 microns and about 150 microns.
[000153] The coating can be applied to the inner surface of at least one longitudinal air flow channel of the combustible heat sources by any suitable method, such as the methods described in document US-A-5.040.551. For example, the inner surface of each longitudinal airflow channel can be sprayed, moistened or painted with a coating solution or suspension. Alternatively, the liner can be provided by inserting a jacket into one or more longitudinal airflow channels. For example, a substantially airtight hollow tube can be inserted into each longitudinal airflow channel.
[000154] In one embodiment, the coating is applied to the inner surface of at least one longitudinal air flow channel of the combustible heat sources by the process described in WO-A2-2009/074870 insofar as the combustible heat sources are extruded.
[000155] Optionally, the combustible heat sources according to the invention may comprise one or more, preferably up to six, longitudinal grooves that extend along part or all of the periphery of the combustible heat sources. If desired, the combustible heat sources according to the invention can comprise one or more longitudinal slots and at least one longitudinal air flow channel. Alternatively, the combustible heat sources according to the invention may be blunt combustible heat sources comprising one or more longitudinal slots.
[000156] The combustible heat sources according to the invention are particularly suitable for use in smoking articles of the type described in WO-A-2009/022232. However, it will be appreciated that the combustible heat sources according to the invention can also be used in smoking articles having different constructions.
[000157] Smoking articles according to the invention may comprise a combustible heat source according to the invention and an aerosol generating substrate located immediately downstream of the combustible heat source. In such embodiments, the aerosol generating substrate may rest on the second portion of the combustible heat source.
[000158] Alternatively, smoking articles according to the invention may comprise a combustible heat source according to the invention and an aerosol generating substrate located downstream of the combustible heat source, where the aerosol generating substrate is spaced from the combustible heat source.
[000159] Preferably, smoking articles according to the invention comprise a combustible heat source according to the invention encased in a heat-conducting, oxygen-restricting combustion-resistant casing.
[000160] Preferably, at least a rear part of the smoking article combustible heat source according to the invention is enclosed in the combustion resistant casing.
[000161] Smoking articles according to the invention may comprise a combustible heat source according to the invention which is encased in a combustion resistant casing along substantially its entire length.
[000162] However, preferably only a rear part of the combustible heat source of smoking articles according to the invention is enclosed in the combustion resistant casing, such that a front part of the combustible heat source is not enveloped in the resistant casing to combustion.
[000163] Preferably, the front portion of the combustible heat source not encased in the combustion resistant casing is between about 4 mm and about 15 mm in length, more preferably between about 4 mm and about 8 mm in length.
[000164] Preferably, the rear portion of the combustible heat source encased in the combustion resistant casing is between about 2 mm and about 8 mm in length, more preferably between about 3 mm and about 5 mm in length.
[000165] Preferably, at least a rear part of the combustible heat source and at least a front part of the aerosol generating substrate of smoking articles according to the invention are enclosed in the combustion resistant casing. In such embodiments, the combustion resistant casing is around or in direct contact with the periphery of at least a rear portion of the combustible heat source and the periphery of at least a front portion of the aerosol generating substrate of the smoking articles. As previously described above, where the burn resistant wrapper is heat conductive, the burn resistant wrap will therefore provide a thermal bond between these two components of the smoking articles.
[000166] At least a rear portion of the combustible heat source and the entire aerosol generating substrate of smoking articles according to the invention can be wrapped in the combustion resistant wrapping.
[000167] However, preferably only a front part of the aerosol generating substrate of smoking articles according to the invention is wrapped in the combustion resistant casing, such that a rear part of the aerosol generating substrate is not enveloped in the combustion resistant casing.
[000168] Preferably, the rear portion of the aerosol generating substrate not encased in the combustion resistant casing is at least about 3mm long. In other words, the aerosol generating substrate preferably extends at least about 3 mm downstream beyond the combustion resistant casing.
Preferably, the aerosol generating substrate has a length of between about 5 mm and about 20 mm, more preferably between about 8 mm and about 12 mm. Preferably, the front portion of the aerosol generating substrate encased in the flame resistant casing is between about 2 mm and about 10 mm in length, more preferably between about 3 mm and about 8 mm in length, and most preferably still of between about 4 mm and about 6 mm in length. Preferably, the rear portion of the aerosol generating substrate not encased in the combustion resistant casing is between about 3 mm and about 10 mm in length. In other words, the aerosol generating substrate preferably extends between about 3 mm and about 10 mm downstream beyond the combustion resistant casing. More preferably, the aerosol generating substrate extends at least about 4 mm downstream beyond the combustion resistant casing.
[000170] Preferably, the aerosol generating substrate of smoking articles according to the invention comprises at least one aerosol former and a material capable of emitting volatile compounds in response to heating. The aerosol can be visible or invisible and includes vapors as well as gases and liquid droplet of condensed vapors.
[000171] At least one aerosol former can be any suitable known compound or mixture of compounds which, in use, facilitates the formation of a dense and stable aerosol and which is substantially resistant to thermal degradation at the operating temperature. Suitable aerosol formers are well known in the art and include, for example, polyalcohols, esters of polyalcohols such as glycerol mono-, di- or triacetate, and aliphatic esters of mono-, di- or polycarboxylic acids such as dodecanedioate of dimethyl and dimethyl tetradecanediodate. Preferred aerosol formers for use in smoking articles in accordance with the invention are polyalcohols or mixtures thereof, such as triethylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol and, more preferably, glycerin.
[000172] Preferably, the material capable of emitting volatile compounds in response to heating is a load of plant-based material, more preferably a load of homogenized plant-based material. For example, the aerosol generating substrate can comprise one or more materials derived from plants including, but not limited to, tobacco, tea, e.g., green tea, pepper, bay leaf, eucalyptus, basil, sage, verbena, and tarragon . The herb material can comprise additives which include, but are not limited to humectants, flavors, binders and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the herb material consists essentially of tobacco material, more preferably homogenized tobacco material.
[000173] Smoking articles according to the invention preferably further comprise an expansion chamber downstream of the aerosol generating substrate. The inclusion of an expansion chamber advantageously allows for additional cooling of the aerosol generated by transferring heat from the fuel heat source to the aerosol generating substrate. The expansion chamber also advantageously allows the entire length of smoking articles in accordance with the invention to be set to a desired value, for example to a length similar to that of conventional cigarettes, by an appropriate choice of the length of the expansion chamber. . Preferably the expansion chamber is an elongated hollow tube.
[000174] Smoking articles according to the invention may also additionally comprise a nozzle downstream of the aerosol generating substrate and, where present, downstream of the expansion chamber. The nozzle can, for example, comprise a filter having one or more segments. The filter can comprise one or more segments of cellulose acetate, paper or other suitable known filtration materials. Preferably, the integral nozzle has a low filtration efficiency, more preferably a very low filtration efficiency. Alternatively or additionally, the filter may comprise one or more segments comprising absorbents, adsorbents, flavorings and other aerosol modifiers and additives used in conventional cigarette filters, or combinations thereof.
[000175] If desired, ventilation can be provided at a location downstream of the combustible heat source of smoking articles according to the invention. For example, where present, ventilation may be provided at a location along the integral mouthpiece of smoking articles in accordance with the invention.
[000176] Smoking articles according to the invention can be assembled using known methods and machinery.
[000177] The invention will be further described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 shows a schematic longitudinal cross-section of a smoking article according to the invention, figure 2a shows a graph of the temperature of the downstream end of the combustible heat source of a smoking article according to a first embodiment of the invention with the burning of the upstream end thereof, Figure 2b shows a graph of the temperature of the downstream end of the heat source. fuel of the smoking article according to the first embodiment of the invention during subsequent combustion of the combustible heat source, Figure 3a shows a graph of the temperature of the aerosol generating substrate of the smoking article according to a first embodiment of the invention during combustion of the combustible heat source thereof, Figure 3b shows a graph of the absorbance at 320 nm of the aerosol generated by the smoking article of According to the first embodiment of the invention as a function of the number of puffs, Figure 4a shows a graph of the temperature of the downstream end of the combustible heat source of a smoking article according to a second embodiment of the invention with the burning end upstream thereof, figure 4b shows a graph of the temperature of the downstream end of the combustible heat source of the smoking article according to the second embodiment of the invention during subsequent combustion of the combustible heat source, figure 5a shows a graph of the temperature of the aerosol generating substrate of the smoking article according to the second embodiment of the invention, Figure 5b shows a graph of the absorbance at 320 nm of the aerosol generated by the smoking article according to the second embodiment of the invention as a function of the number of puffs, Figure 6a shows a plan view of the upstream end of the combustible heat source of a smoking article according to With the third embodiment of the invention, and figure 6b shows a longitudinal cross-section of the combustible heat source of a smoking article according to the third embodiment of the invention, figure 7 shows a graph of the temperature of the downstream end of the heat source. fuel of a smoking article according to a fourth embodiment of the invention with the burning of the upstream end thereof, Figure 8 shows a graph of the temperature of the downstream end of the combustible heat sources (i) of a smoking article of according to a fifth embodiment of the invention, (ii) of a smoking article according to a sixth embodiment of the invention, (iii) of a first comparative smoking article, and (iv) of a second comparative smoking article with burning of the upstream ends thereof, Figure 9a shows a temperature graph of the downstream end of the combustible heat source of a smoking article according to the seventh embodiment of the invention with the burning of the upstream end thereof, figure 9b shows a graph of the temperature of the downstream end of the combustible heat source of the smoking article according to the seventh embodiment of the invention during the subsequent combustion of the combustible heat source, the figure 10 shows a graph of the temperature of the downstream end of the combustible heat source of a smoking article according to an eighth embodiment of the invention with the burning of the upstream end thereof, Figure 11 shows a graph of the temperature of the downstream end. of the combustible heat source of a smoking article according to a ninth embodiment of the invention with the burning of the upstream end thereof, and Figure 12 shows a graph of the combustible heat sources (i) of a smoking article according to the ninth embodiment of the invention, (ii) of a third comparative smoking article, and (iii) of a fourth comparative smoking article with upstream end burning thereof. O; and Figure 13 shows a graph of the combustible heat sources of (i) a smoking article in accordance with the fourth embodiment of the invention, (ii) a fifth comparative smoking article, and (iii) a sixth comparative smoking article with burning. ends upstream of it.
[000178] In the graphs of figures 2a, 2b, 3a, 4a, 4b, 5a, 7, 8, 9a, 9b, 10, 11, 12, and 13 the time zero indicates the time of the first puff.
[000179] The smoking article 2 shown in Figure 1 has a total length of 70 mm, a diameter of 7.9 mm and comprises a combustible heat source 4 according to the invention, an aerosol generating substrate 6, a elongated expansion chamber 8 and a nozzle 10. As shown in Figure 1, the combustible heat source 4, the aerosol generating substrate 6, the elongated expansion chamber 8 and the nozzle are in contiguous coaxial alignment and are overwrapped in a outer wrapper of cigarette paper 12 of low air permeability.
[000180] The combustible heat source 4 is 11 mm long and 7.8 mm in diameter and comprises a central air flow channel 16 of circular cross section which extends longitudinally through the combustible heat source 4. substantially airtight, heat-resistant partially sintered glass 14 having a thickness of 80 microns is provided on the inner surface of the central air flow channel 16, which is 2 mm in diameter.
[000181] The aerosol generating substrate 6, which is 10 mm long and 7.8 mm in diameter and has a density of 0.8 g/cm3, is located immediately downstream of the combustible heat source 4. The substrate The aerosol generating device 6 comprises a cylindrical plug of homogenized tobacco material 18 comprising glycerin as an aerosol former and circumscribed by filter plug wrap 20. The homogenized tobacco material 18 consists of longitudinally aligned strands of extruded tobacco material.
[000182] A combustion resistant housing 22 consisting of an aluminum foil tube having a thickness of 20 microns, a length of 9 mm and a diameter of 7.8 mm surrounds and is in contact with a rear part 4b of the source Combustible Heat Heater 4 4 mm long and an adjoining front part 6a of the aerosol generating substrate 6 5 mm long. As shown in Figure 1, a front part 4a of the fuel heat source 4 7 mm in length and a back part 6b of the aerosol generating substrate 6 5 mm in length are not surrounded by the combustion resistant housing 22.
[000183] The elongated expansion chamber 8, which is 42 mm long and 7.8 mm in diameter, is located downstream of the aerosol generating substrate 6 and comprises an open-ended cylindrical cardboard tube 24. The nozzle 10 of the smoking article 2, which is 7 mm long and 7.8 mm in diameter, is located downstream of the expansion chamber 8 and comprises a cylindrical plug of cellulose acetate fiber 26 of very low filtration efficiency circumscribed by the casing of filter plug 28. The nozzle 10 can be circumscribed by the filter paper (not shown).
[000184] In use, the consumer burns the combustible heat source 4 and then draws the air through the central air flow channel 16 downstream towards the nozzle 10. The front part 6a of the aerosol generating substrate 6 is heated mainly by conducting through the adjoining non-combustion rear 4b of the fuel heat source 4 and the combustion resistant housing 22. The extracted air is heated as it passes through the central air flow channel 16 and then heats the aerosol generating substrate 6 by convection. Heating the aerosol generating substrate 6 releases volatile and semi-volatile compounds including the aerosol former from the aerosol generating substrate 18, which are trapped in the heated extract air as it flows through the aerosol generating substrate. The heated air and trapped compounds pass downstream through expansion chamber 8, are cooled and condensed to form an aerosol which passes through the mouthpiece into the consumer's mouth at approximately room temperature.
[000185] To form the smoking article 2, a rectangular piece of the flame resistant wrapper 22 is glued to the cigarette paper 12. The combustible heat source 4, the aerosol generating substrate plug 6 and the expansion chamber 8 are properly aligned and positioned on the cigarette paper 12 with the connected flame resistant wrapper 22. The cigarette paper 12 with the connected flame resistant wrapper 22 is wrapped around the back 4b of the combustible heat source 4 of the substrate of 6 aerosol generation and expansion chamber and glued. The nozzle 10 is connected to the open end of the expansion chamber using known filter combination technology.
[000186] Smoking articles according to a first embodiment of the invention having the structure shown in figure 1 and described above were assembled using combustible heat sources according to the first embodiment of the invention produced according to Example 1.
[000187] Smoking articles according to a second embodiment of the invention having the structure shown in figure 1 and described above were assembled using combustible heat sources according to the second embodiment of the invention produced according to Example 2.
[000188] Smoking articles according to a third embodiment of the invention having the structure shown in figure 1 and described above were assembled using combustible heat sources according to the third embodiment of the invention produced according to Example 3.
[000189] Smoking articles according to a fourth embodiment of the invention having the structure shown in figure 1 and described above were assembled using combustible heat sources according to the fourth embodiment of the invention produced according to Example 4.
[000190] Smoking articles according to a fifth embodiment of the invention having the structure shown in figure 1 and described above were assembled using combustible heat sources according to the fifth embodiment of the invention produced according to Example 5.
[000191] Smoking articles according to a sixth embodiment of the invention having the structure shown in figure 1 and described above were assembled using combustible heat sources according to the fifth embodiment of the invention produced according to Example 5.
[000192] The first comparative smoking articles having the structure shown in figure 1 and described above were assembled using the first combustible heat sources produced according to Example 5.
[000193] Second comparative smoking articles having the structure shown in figure 1 and described above were assembled using second comparative combustible heat sources produced in accordance with Example 5.
[000194] Smoking articles according to a seventh embodiment of the invention having the structure shown in figure 1 and described above were assembled using combustible heat sources according to a seventh embodiment of the invention produced according to Example 6.
[000195] Smoking articles according to the eighth embodiment of the invention having the structure shown in figure 1 and described above were assembled using the combustible heat sources according to the eighth embodiment of the invention produced according to Example 7.
[000196] Smoking articles according to the ninth embodiment of the invention having the structure shown in figure 1 and described above were assembled using combustible heat sources according to the ninth embodiment of the invention produced according to Example 8.
[000197] The third comparative smoking articles having the structure shown in figure 1 and described above were assembled using the third combustible heat sources produced in accordance with Example 9.
[000198] The fourth smoking articles having the structure shown in the figure and described above were assembled using the fourth combustible heat sources produced according to Example 9.
[000199] The fifth comparative smoking articles having the structure shown in figure 1 and described above were assembled using the fifth comparative combustible heat sources according to Example 10.
[000200] The sixth comparative smoking articles having the structure shown in figure 1 and described above were assembled using the sixth comparative combustible heat sources produced in accordance with Example 10.EXAMPLE 1
[000201] The combustible heat sources according to the first embodiment of the invention were prepared by mixing 525 g of carbon powder, 225 g of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), 51.75 g of potassium citrate, 84 g of modified cellulose, 276 g of flour, 141.75 g of sugar and 21 g of corn oil with 579 g of deionized water to form an aqueous slurry.
[000202] The aqueous slurry was then extruded through a die having a central die hole of circular cross section with a diameter of 8.7 mm to form cylindrical rods having a length of about 20-22 cm and a diameter of about of 9.1-9.2 mm. A single longitudinal airflow passage was formed in the cylindrical rods by a cross-sectional mandrel with an outer diameter of approximately 2 mm mounted centrally in the die bore. During extrusion of the cylindrical rods, a glass coating slurry was pumped through a feed passage through the center of the mandrel to form a thin coating of about 150-300 microns on the inner surface of the single longitudinal airflow passage.
[000203] The cylindrical rods were dried at about 20-25°C, 4050 percent relative humidity, for between about 12 hours and about 72 hours and then pyrolyzed in a nitrogen atmosphere at 750°C for about 240 minutes.
[000204] After pyrolysis, the cylindrical rods were cut and formed into a defined diameter using a grinding machine to form individual combustible heat sources having a length of about 11 mm, a diameter of about 7.8 mm and a dry mass of about 400 mg.
[000205] The individual combustible heat sources were dried at 130°C for approximately 1 hour and then placed in an aqueous solution of nitric acid having a concentration of 38 percent by weight, which was saturated with potassium nitrate (KNO3).
[000206] After approximately 5 minutes, the individual combustible heat sources were removed from the solution and dried at 130°C for approximately 1 hour.
[000207] After drying, the individual combustible heat sources were again placed in an aqueous solution of nitric acid having a concentration of 38 percent by weight, which was saturated with potassium nitrate (NKO3).
[000208] After approximately 5 minutes the individual combustible heat sources were removed from the solution and dried at 130°C for approximately 1 hour, then at 160°C for approximately 1 hour and finally at 200°C for approximately 1 hour.
[000209] The individual dry combustible heat sources had a burning medium (potassium nitrate) content of about 39 percent by dry weight of the combustible heat source.
[000210] The temperature of the downstream end of the combustible heat source of a smoking article according to the fifth embodiment of the invention with the burning of the upstream end of the combustible heat source was measured in the smoking article using a thermoelement connected to the surface of the smoking article at a position illustrated by line P1 in Figure 1) 1 mm upstream of the aerosol generating substrate thereof. The results are shown in figure 2a.
[000211] The temperature of the downstream end of the combustible heat source of a smoking article according to the fifth embodiment of the invention during subsequent combustion of the combustible heat source was also measured in the smoking article using a thermoelement connected to the surface of the smoking article in a position (illustrated by line P1 in Figure 1) 1 mm upstream of the aerosol generating substrate thereof. The results are shown in Figure 2b.
[000212] The temperature of the smoking article aerosol generating substrate according to the first embodiment of the invention during combustion of the combustible heat source was measured using a thermoelement connected to the surface of the smoking article at a position (illustrated by the line P2 in figure 1) 2 mm downstream of the combustible heat source. The results are shown in figure 3a.
[000213] The absorbance of the aerosol generated during each puff of the smoking article according to the first embodiment of the invention was measured using an optical visible UV spectrometer with an optical cell configured to record data in the near UV region at 320 nm. The results, which are indicative of the density of the generated aerosol, are shown in Figure 3b.
[000214] To generate the profiles shown in figures 2a-3b, the combustible heat sources of the smoking articles according to the first embodiment of the invention were ignited using a conventional yellow flame lighter. 55 ml puffs (puff volume) were taken within 2 seconds (puff duration) every 30 seconds (puff frequency) using a smoking machine.
[000215] The combustible heat sources according to the second embodiment of the invention were prepared by mixing 639 g of carbon powder, 51.75 g of potassium citrate, 195.5 g of copper oxide (CuO), 111 g of corn, 84 g of modified cellulose, 276 g of flour, 21 g of corn oil and 141.75 g of sugar with 579 g of deionized water to form an aqueous slurry.
[000216] The aqueous slurry was then extruded through a die having a central die hole of circular cross section with a diameter of 8.7 mm to form cylindrical rods having a length of about 20-22 cm and a diameter of about of 9.1-9.2 mm. A single longitudinal airflow passage was formed in the cylindrical rods by a circular cross-section mandrel with an outer diameter of approximately 2 mm mounted centrally in the die bore. During the extrusion of the cylindrical rods, a glass coating slurry was pumped through a feed passage extending through the center of the mandrel to form a thin coating of about 150-300 microns on the inner surface of the single flow passage. longitudinal air.
[000217] The cylindrical rods were dried at about 20-25°C, 4050 percent relative humidity, for between about 12 hours and about 72 hours and then pyrolyzed in a nitrogen atmosphere at 750°C for about 240 minutes.
[000218] After pyrolysis, the cylindrical rods were cut and ground to a defined diameter using a grinding machine to form individual combustible heat sources having a length of about 11 mm, a diameter of about 7.8 mm and a dry mass of about 425 mg. The results of an elemental analysis of combustible heat sources are given in Table 1 below:

[000219] X-ray diffraction analysis of combustible heat sources indicated that most CuO is reduced to Cu metal during pyrolysis, with minor phases of Cu2O and CuO present.
[000220] The individual combustible heat sources were dried at 130°C for approximately 1 hour and then placed in an aqueous solution comprising 34 percent by weight of strontium nitrate (Sr(NO3)2), 16 percent by weight of potassium nitrate (KNO3) and 11 weight percent calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2*4H2O, which was preheated to a temperature of between about 80°C and about 85°C.
[000221] After approximately 15 minutes, the individual combustible heat sources were removed from the solution and placed in deionized water for approximately 5 to 30 seconds. The individual combustible heat sources were then removed from the deionized water and dried, first at room temperature for approximately 1 hour and then at 130°C for approximately 1 hour.
[000222] The dry combustible heat sources had a burning medium content (strontium nitrate, potassium nitrate and calcium nitrate) of about 33 percent by dry weight of the combustible heat source.
[000223] The temperature of the downstream end of the combustible heat source of a smoking article according to the second embodiment of the invention with the burning of the upstream end of the combustible heat source was measured in the smoking article using thermoelements connected to the surface of the smoking article at a position (illustrated by line P1 in Figure 1) 1 mm upstream of the aerosol generating substrate thereof. The results are shown in figure 4a.
[000224] The temperature of the downstream end of the combustible heat source of a smoking article according to the second embodiment of the invention during subsequent combustion of the combustible heat source was also measured in the smoking article using a thermoelement connected to the surface of the smoking article in a position (illustrated by line T1 in Figure 1) 1 mm upstream of the aerosol generating substrate thereof. The results are shown in figure 4b.
[000225] The temperature of the smoking article aerosol generating substrate according to the second embodiment of the invention during combustion of the combustible heat source was measured using a thermoelement connected to the surface of the smoking article at a position (illustrated by the line P2 in figure 1) 2 mm downstream of the combustible heat source. The results are shown in figure 5a.
[000226] The absorbance of the aerosol generated during each puff of the smoking article according to the second embodiment of the invention was measured using an optical visible UV spectrometer with an optical cell configured to record data in the near UV region at 320 nm. The results, which are indicative of the density of the generated aerosol, are shown in Figure 5b.
[000227] To generate the profiles shown in figures 4a-5b, the upstream ends of the combustible heat sources of the smoking articles according to the second embodiment of the invention were ignited using a conventional yellow flame lighter. 55 ml puffs (puff volume) were taken at 2 seconds (puff duration) every 30 seconds (puff frequency) using a smoking machine.
[000228] Figures 2a and 4a show that, with burning, the temperature of the downstream ends of the combustible heat sources of the smoking articles according to the first and second embodiments of the invention, respectively, rapidly increases to between about 650 °C and about 750°C as a result of the decomposition of the metal nitrate salts therein.
[000229] In both embodiments, the combustion of carbon in the combustible heat sources propagates at the same time as the decomposition of the metal nitrate salts therein, from the upstream end of the combustible heat sources, where the flame lighter yellow is placed, along the entire length of the combustible heat sources. This is clearly shown by a change in color on the surface of the combustible heat sources due to the downward movement of a deflagration front from the upstream end to the downstream end of the combustible heat sources.
[000230] After the initial increase in temperature resulting from the decomposition of the metal nitrate salts, the temperature of the downstream ends of the combustible heat sources of the smoking articles according to the first and second embodiments of the invention advantageously drops to a temperature of between about 200°C and about 350°C, as shown in Figure 2b and Figure 4b, respectively.
[000231] As shown in figures 3a and 3b and figures 6a and 6b, the initial increase in temperature and rapid burning of the combustible heat sources of the smoking articles according to the first and second embodiments of the invention resulting from the decomposition of the salts of metal nitrate therein advantageously rapidly increases the temperature of the aerosol generating substrates of the smoking articles to a level at which volatile organic flavor and flavor compounds are generated from the aerosol generating substrates in sufficient amounts to produce an aerosol sensory acceptable as the first puff.
[000232] Additionally, the decrease in temperature of the combustible heat sources of the smoking articles according to the first and second embodiments of the invention after decomposition of the metal nitrate salts therein advantageously ensures that the temperature of the aerosol generating substrates of smoking articles does not reach a level at which combustion or thermal degradation of the aerosol generating substrates occurs. EXAMPLE 3
[000233] The combustible heat sources according to the third embodiment of the invention were prepared by mixing 750 g of carbon powder, 51.75 g of potassium citrate, 84 g of modified cellulose, 276 g of flour, 141 .75 g of sugar and 21 g of corn oil with 579 g of deionized water to form an aqueous paste.
[000234] The aqueous slurry was then extruded through a die having a central die hole of circular cross section with a diameter of 8.7 mm to form cylindrical rods having a length of about 20-22 cm and a diameter of about of 9.1-9.2 mm. A single longitudinal airflow passage was formed on the cylindrical rods by a circular cross-section mandrel with an outer diameter of approximately 2 mm mounted centrally in the die bore. During the extrusion of the cylindrical rods, a glass coating slurry was pumped through a feed passage extending through the center of the mandrel to form a thin coating of about 150-300 microns on the inner surface of the single flow passage. longitudinal air.
[000235] The cylindrical rods were dried at about 20-25°C, 4050 percent relative humidity, for between about 12 hours and about 72 hours and then pyrolyzed in a nitrogen atmosphere at 750°C for about 240 minutes.
[000236] After pyrolysis, the cylindrical rods were cut and formed into a defined diameter using a grinding machine to form individual combustible heat sources having a length of about 11 mm, a diameter of about 7.8 mm and a dry mass of about 425 mg and then dried at 130°C for approximately 1 hour.
[000237] As shown in figures 6a and 6b, four equally spaced longitudinal grooves having a length of 9 mm, as measured from the end to the fuel heat source assembly, and a diameter of between 1.5 mm and about 1.8 mm were formed along the circumferential outer surface of each individual combustible heat source using an electric drill. A suspension of 1 percent nitrocellulose binder and 66 percent zirconium by weight in acetone was applied into each of the longitudinal grooves along the circumferential outer surface of the individual combustible heat sources using a syringe.
[000238] The individual combustible heat sources were then dried at 130°C for approximately 1 hour.
[000239] The individual dry combustible heat sources had a burning medium (zirconium) content of about 20 percent by dry weight of the combustible heat source.
[000240] The temperature of the downstream end of the combustible heat source of a smoking article according to the third embodiment of the invention with the burning of the upstream end of the combustible heat source was measured in the smoking article using thermoelements connected to the surface of the smoking article at a position (illustrated by line P1 in Figure 1) 1 mm upstream of the aerosol generating substrate thereof.
[000241] The temperature of the downstream end of the combustible heat source of a smoking article according to the third embodiment of the invention during subsequent combustion of the combustible heat source was also measured in the smoking article using a thermoelement connected to the surface of the smoking article in a position (illustrated by line P1 in Figure 1) 1 mm upstream of the aerosol generating substrate thereof.
[000242] In both cases, the combustible heat sources of the smoking articles according to the third embodiment of the invention were ignited using a conventional yellow flame lighter. 55 ml puffs (puff volume) were taken at 2 seconds (puff duration) every 30 seconds (puff frequency) using a smoking machine.
[000243] With burning, the temperature of the downstream end of the combustible heat source of the smoking article according to the third embodiment of the invention increases by about 500°C as a result of the reaction with oxygen of the zirconium in the four longitudinal grooves arranged around the circumference of the combustible heat source. As illustrated by the reaction scheme below, this reaction is highly exothermic and produces inert zirconium oxide particles: Zr + O2 ^ ZrO2 + ΔE (-1081 kJ/mol)
[000244] While, as shown in figure 6b, the four longitudinal slots do not extend from the upstream end to the downstream end of the combustible heat source, they do not extend below the combustion resistant casing of the smoking article. according to the third embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, heat generated by burning the upstream end of the combustible heat source as a result of the reaction of the zirconium with oxygen is therefore transferred directly by conduction to the aerosol generating substrate via the combustion resistant casing. This advantageously rapidly raises the temperature of the aerosol generating substrate of the smoking article according to the third embodiment of the invention to a level at which volatile organic flavor and flavor compounds are generated from aerosol generating substrates in sufficient quantity. to produce a sensory acceptable aerosol as from the first puff.
[000245] The exothermic reaction with oxygen of the zirconium in the four longitudinal grooves of the fuel heat source is sufficiently energetic that, as well as the heat that is transferred to the aerosol generating substrate of the smoking article via the combustion resistant casing, the energy is radiated radially by the entire combustible heat source. This starts the combustion of carbon in the combustible heat source.
[000246] After the initial increase in temperature resulting from the reaction with oxygen of the zirconium to form zirconium oxide, the temperature of the downstream end of the smoking article combustible heat source according to the third embodiment of the invention drops advantageously also to a temperature of between about 200°C and about 400°C during the subsequent combustion of the combustible heat source. The decrease in temperature of the combustible heat source according to the third embodiment of the invention after reaction with oxygen from the zirconium therein advantageously ensures that the temperature of the aerosol generating substrate of the smoking article according to the third embodiment of the invention does not reaches a level at which combustion or thermal degradation of the aerosol generating substrate occurs.
[000247] In the third embodiment of the invention described above, the zirconium is deposited in four longitudinal grooves equally spaced from each other arranged around the circumference of the fuel heat source. However, it will be appreciated that zirconium and other materials that release energy from burning the upstream end of the combustible heat sources may be deposited or otherwise provided in more than four or less than four grooves disposed around of the circumference of the combustible heat sources according to the invention.
[000248] It will also be appreciated that combustible heat sources according to the invention may comprise one or more materials that release energy upon burning the upstream end of combustible heat sources at other locations.
[000249] The combustible heat sources according to the fourth embodiment of the invention were prepared by mixing 135 g of carbon powder, 150 g of calcium peroxide (75 percent purity) and 15 g of carboxylmethylcellulose with 180 g of deionized water to form a granular mixture.
[000250] The granulated mixture was then extruded through a die having a central die hole of circular cross section with a diameter of 7.6 mm to form cylindrical rods having a length of about 20-25 cm and a diameter of about of 7.8 mm. A single longitudinal airflow passage was formed in the cylindrical rods by a circular cross-section mandrel with an outer diameter of approximately 2 mm mounted centrally in the die bore. A clay coating slurry was applied to the inner surface of the single longitudinal airflow passage to form a thin coating of about 150-300 microns on the inner surface of the single longitudinal airflow passage.
[000251] The cylindrical stems were dried at about 20-25°C, 4050 percent relative humidity, for between about 12 hours and about 48 hours. After drying, the cylindrical rods were cut to form individual combustible heat sources having a length of about 13 mm and a diameter of about 7.8 mm. The individual combustible heat sources were then dried at 130°C for approximately 1 hour. The individual combustible heat sources were dried at 130°C for approximately 1 hour. The individual dry combustible heat sources had a mass of about 500 mg.
[000252] The individual dry combustible heat sources had a burning medium (calcium peroxide) content of about 38 percent by dry weight of the combustible heat source.
[000253] The temperature of the downstream end of the combustible heat source of a smoking article according to the fourth embodiment of the invention with the burning of the upstream end of the combustible heat source was measured in the smoking article using a thermoelement connected to the surface of the smoking article at a position (illustrated by line P1 in Figure 1) 1 mm upstream of the aerosol generating substrate thereof. The results are shown in Figure 7.
[000254] To generate the profile shown in figure 7, the upstream end of the combustible heat source of the smoking article according to the fourth embodiment of the invention was ignited using a conventional yellow flame lighter. 55 ml puffs (puff volume) were taken at 2 seconds (puff duration) every 30 seconds (puff frequency) using a smoking machine.
[000255] Figure 7 shows that, with burning, the temperature of the downstream end of the combustible heat source of the smoking article according to the fourth embodiment of the invention is rapidly raised to between about 500°C and about 600 °C as a result of decomposition of calcium peroxide in it.
[000256] The combustion of carbon in the fuel heat source is propagated at the same time as the decomposition of calcium peroxide in it, from the upstream end of the fuel heat source, where the yellow flame lighter is placed, throughout the length of the combustible heat source. This is clearly shown by a change in color on the surface of the combustible heat source due to the downstream movement of a deflagration from the upstream end to the downstream end of the combustible heat source.
[000257] After the initial increase in temperature resulting from the decomposition of calcium peroxide, the downstream end temperature of the combustible heat source of the smoking article according to the fourth embodiment of the invention advantageously drops to a temperature of below about about 375°C.
[000258] The initial increase in temperature and rapid burning of the smoking article combustible heat source according to the fourth embodiment of the invention resulting from the decomposition of calcium peroxide therein advantageously rapidly raises the temperature of the aerosol generating substrate of the smoking article to a level at which volatile organic flavor and flavor compounds are generated from the aerosol generating substrate in sufficient amounts to produce a sensory acceptable aerosol as from the first puff.
[000259] Furthermore, the decrease in the temperature of the smoking article combustible heat source according to the fourth embodiment of the invention after the decomposition of the calcium peroxide advantageously ensures that the temperature of the aerosol generating substrate of the smoking article does not reach a level at which combustion or thermal degradation of the aerosol generating substrate occurs.
[000260] EXAMPLE 5
[000261] The combustible heat sources according to the fifth embodiment of the invention and according to the sixth embodiment of the invention showing the contents of burning medium (calcium peroxide) shown in Table 2 were prepared as in Example 4 with the mixture of the components shown in Table 2 to form a granular mixture.
[000262] The first comparative combustible heat sources and the second comparative combustible heat sources showing the contents of the burning medium (calcium peroxide) shown in Table 2 were also prepared as in Example 4 with the mixing components shown in Table 2 to form a granular mixture.
[000263] The downstream end temperature of the combustible heat sources (i) of a smoking article herein, (ii) of a smoking article according to the sixth embodiment of the invention, (iii) of a first smoking article comparative, and (iv) of a second smoking article comparative with the burn of the upstream end of the combustible heat sources was measured in the smoking article using a thermoelement connected to the surface of the smoking article at one position (illustrated by line P1 in figure 1) 1 mm upstream of the aerosol generating substrate thereof. The results are shown in figure 8.

[000264] To generate the profiles shown in figure 8, the upstream ends of the combustible heat sources (i) of the smoking article according to the fifth embodiment of the invention, (ii) of the smoking article according to the sixth embodiment of the invention, (iii) the first comparative smoking article, and (iv) the second comparative smoking article were ignited using a yellow flame lighter. 55 ml puffs (puff volume) were then taken at 2 seconds (puff duration) every 30 seconds (puff frequency) using a smoking machine.
[000265] Figure 8 shows that, with burning, the temperature of the downstream end of the combustible heat source of the smoking article according to the fifth embodiment of the invention, which has a calcium peroxide content of about 38 per dry weight percent of the fuel heat source rapidly increases to between about 650°C and about 750°C as a result of the decomposition of calcium peroxide therein.
[000266] Figure 8 also shows that, with burning, the temperature of the downstream end of the combustible heat source of the smoking article according to the sixth embodiment of the invention, which has a calcium peroxide content of about 30 dry weight percent of the fuel heat source rapidly increases to between about 450°C and about 500°C as a result of decomposition of calcium peroxide therein.
[000267] However, with burning, the temperature of the downstream end of the combustible heat source of the first comparative smoking article, which has a calcium peroxide content of about 26 percent by dry weight of the combustible heat source, and the temperature of the downstream end of the combustible heat source of the second comparative smoking article, which has a calcium peroxide content of about 23 percent dry weight of the combustible heat source, does not exhibit an 'increase' in temperature. .
[000268] As shown in figure 8, reducing the amount of calcium peroxide in the fuel heat source reduces the magnitude of the 'increase' in the temperature of the downstream end of the fuel heat source obtained by burning the upstream end of the source of combustible heat. As also shown in Figure 8, reducing the amount of calcium peroxide in the fuel heat source increases the time taken for the downstream end of the fuel heat source to reach the 'rise' in temperature with the burning end upstream of the combustible heat source.
[000269] The combustible heat sources according to the invention must comprise at least one burning medium in an amount of at least about 20 percent dry weight of the combustible heat source. However, Figure 8 illustrates that the amount of at least one burning medium that has to be included in order for the second portion of a combustible heat source according to the invention to exhibit the required 'increase' in temperature upon burning of the first portion thereof may be greater than about 20 percent dry weight of the combustible heat source depending on at least one specific burning medium included in the combustible heat source.
[000270] The combustible heat sources according to the seventh embodiment of the invention were prepared by mixing 180 g of carbon powder, 90 g of calcium peroxide (75 percent purity), 15 h of magnesium and 15 g of carboxymethylcellulose with 180 g of deionized water to form a granular mixture.
[000271] The granulated mixture was then extruded through a die having a central die hole of circular cross section with a diameter of 7.6 mm to form cylindrical rods having a length of about 20-25 cm and a diameter of about of 7.8 mm. A single longitudinal airflow passage was formed on the cylindrical rods by a circular cross-section mandrel with an outer diameter of approximately 2 mm mounted centrally in the die bore. A clay coating slurry was applied to the inner surface of the single longitudinal flow passage to form a thin coating of about 150-300 microns on the inner surface of the single longitudinal air flow passage.
[000272] The cylindrical stems were dried at about 20-25°C, 4050 percent relative humidity, for between about 12 hours and about 48 hours. After drying, the cylindrical rods were cut to form combustible heat sources having a length of about 13 mm and a diameter of about 7.8 mm. The individual combustible heat sources were then dried at 130°C for approximately 1 hour. The individual dry combustible heat sources had a mass of about 500 mg.
[000273] The individual dry combustible heat sources had a burning medium content (calcium and magnesium peroxide) of about 28 percent by dry weight of the combustible heat source.
[000274] The temperature of the downstream end of the combustible heat source of a smoking article according to the seventh embodiment of the invention with the burning of the upstream end of the combustible heat source was measured in the smoking article using a thermoelement connected to the surface of the smoking article at a position (illustrated by line P1 in Figure 1) 1 mm upstream of the aerosol generating substrate thereof. The results are shown in figure 9a.
[000275] The temperature of the downstream end of the combustible heat source of a smoking article according to the seventh embodiment of the invention during subsequent combustion of the combustible heat source was also measured in the smoking article using a thermoelement connected to the surface of the smoking article in a position (illustrated by line P1 in Figure 1) 1 mm upstream of the aerosol generating substrate thereof. The results are shown in Figure 9b.
[000276] To generate the profiles shown in figures 9a and 9b, the upstream end of the combustible heat source of the smoking article according to the seventh embodiment of the invention was ignited using a conventional yellow flame lighter. The 55 ml puffs (puff volume) were then taken at 2 seconds (puff duration) every 30 seconds (puff frequency) using a smoking machine.
[000277] Figure 9a shows that, with burning, the temperature of the downstream end of the combustible heat source of the smoking article according to the seventh embodiment of the invention is rapidly raised to between about 600°C and about 700 °C as a result of the decomposition of calcium peroxide in it and the exothermic reaction with oxygen from the magnesium in it.
[000278] The combustion of carbon in the fuel heat source is propagated at the same time as the decomposition of calcium peroxide in it and the reaction with magnesium oxygen in it, from the upstream end of the fuel heat source, where the yellow flame lighter is placed along the entire length of the combustible heat source. This is clearly shown by a change in color on the surface of the combustible heat source due to the downstream movement of a deflagration from the upstream end to the downstream end of the combustible heat source.
[000279] After the initial increase in temperature resulting from the decomposition of calcium peroxide and the reaction with the oxygen of magnesium, the temperature of the downstream end of the fuel heat source of the smoking article according to the seventh embodiment of the invention advantageously drops for a temperature of between about 250°C and about 400°C, as shown in figure 9b.
[000280] The initial increase in temperature and the rapid burning of the combustible heat source of the smoking article according to the seventh embodiment of the invention resulting from the decomposition of calcium peroxide and the reaction with magnesium oxygen therein advantageously rapidly increases the temperature of the smoking article aerosol generating substrate to a level at which volatile organic flavor and flavor compounds are generated from the aerosol generating substrate in sufficient amounts to produce a sensory acceptable aerosol as from the first puff.
[000281] Furthermore, the decrease in the temperature of the combustible heat source of the smoking article according to the seventh embodiment of the invention after the decomposition of calcium peroxide therein and the reaction with magnesium oxygen therein advantageously ensures that the The temperature of the aerosol generating substrate of the smoking article does not reach a level at which combustion or thermal degradation of the aerosol generating substrate occurs.
[000282] The combustible heat sources according to the eighth embodiment of the invention were prepared with the mixture of 525 g of carbon powder, 225 g of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), 51.75 g of potassium citrate, 84 g of modified cellulose, 276 g of flour, 141, 75 g of sugar and 21 g of corn oil with 579 g of deionized water to form an aqueous slurry.
[000283] The aqueous slurry was then extruded through a die having a central die hole of circular cross section with a diameter of 8.7 mm to form cylindrical rods having a length of about 20-22 cm and a diameter of about of 9.1-9.2 mm. A single longitudinal airflow passage was formed on the cylindrical rods by a circular cross-section mandrel with an outer diameter of approximately 2 mm mounted centrally in the die bore. During the extrusion of the cylindrical rods, a glass coating slurry was pumped through a feed passage extending through the center of the mandrel to form a thin coating of about 150-300 microns on the inner surface of the single flow passage. longitudinal air.
[000284] The cylindrical rods were dried at around 20-25°C, 4050 percent relative humidity, for between about 12 hours and about 72 hours and then pyrolyzed in a nitrogen atmosphere at 750°C for about 240 minutes.
[000285] After pyrolysis, the cylindrical rods were cut and formed into a defined diameter using a grinding machine to form individual combustible heat sources having a length of about 11 mm a diameter of about 7.8 mm and a mass dry of about 400 mg.
[000286] The individual combustible heat sources were dried at 130°C for approximately 1 hour and then placed in an aqueous solution of nitric acid having a concentration of 38 percent by weight, which was saturated with potassium nitrate (KNO-3 ).
[000287] After approximately 5 minutes, the individual combustible heat sources were removed from the solution and dried at 130°C for approximately 1 hour.
[000288] After drying, the individual combustible heat sources were placed in an aqueous solution of sodium chlorate (NaCIO3) presenting a concentration of 0.98 mol/L.
[000289] After approximately 30 seconds, the individual combustible heat sources were removed from the solution and dried for 10 minutes at room temperature, then at 120°C for approximately 1 hour.
[000290] The individual dry combustible heat sources had a burning medium (calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate and sodium chlorinated) content of between about 30 percent and about 40 percent by dry weight of the heat source fuel.
[000291] The temperature of the downstream end of the combustible heat source of a smoking article according to the eighth embodiment of the invention with the burning of the upstream end of the combustible heat source was measured in the smoking article using a thermoelement connected to the surface of the smoking article at a position (illustrated by line P1 in Figure 1) 1 mm upstream of the aerosol generating substrate thereof. The results are shown in figure 10.
[000292] To generate the profile shown in figure 10, the upstream end of the combustible heat source of the smoking article according to the eighth embodiment of the invention was ignited using a conventional yellow flame lighter. The 55 ml puffs (puff volume) were then taken at 2 seconds (puff duration) every 30 seconds (puff frequency) with the use of a smoking machine.
[000293] Figure 10 shows that with burning, the temperature of the downstream end of the combustible heat source of the smoking article according to the eighth embodiment of the invention is rapidly raised to between about 650°C and about 700°C as a result of the decomposition of the metal nitrate salts and the metal chlorate salt therein.
[000294] After the initial increase in temperature resulting from the decomposition of the metal nitrate salts and the metal chlorate salt, the temperature of the downstream end of the combustible heat source of the smoking article according to the eighth embodiment of the invention drops for a temperature of below about 500°C.EXAMPLE 8
[000295] The combustible heat sources according to the ninth embodiment of the invention were prepared by mixing 35 g of carbon powder, 35.9 g of iron oxide (Fe2O3), 16.4 g of magnesium, and 6 g of betonite and 6.7 g of carboxymethylcellulose with 73.3 of deionized water to form a granular mixture.
[000296] The granulated mixture was then extruded through a die having a central die hole of circular cross section with a diameter of 7.6 mm to form cylindrical rods having a length of about 20-25 cm and a diameter of about of 7.8 mm.
[000297] The cylindrical stems were dried at about 20-25°C, 4050 percent relative humidity, for between about 12 hours and about 48 hours. After drying, the cylindrical rods were cut to form individual combustible heat sources having a length of about 11 mm and a diameter of about 7.8 mm. The individual combustible heat sources were then dried at 130°C for approximately 1 hour. The individual dry combustible heat sources had a mass of about 400 mg.
[000298] The individual dry combustible heat sources had a burning medium content (iron oxide (Fe2O3) and magnesium) of about 52 percent by dry weight of the combustible heat source.
[000299] The temperature of the downstream end of the combustible heat source of a smoking article according to the new embodiment of the invention with the burning of the upstream end of the combustible heat source was measured in the smoking article using a thermoelement coupled to the surface of the smoking article at a position (illustrated by line P1 in Figure 1) 1 mm upstream of the aerosol generating substrate thereof. The results are shown in Figure 11.
[000300] To generate the profile shown in figure 11, the upstream end of the combustible heat source of the smoking article according to the ninth embodiment of the invention was ignited using a yellow flame lighter. The 55 ml puffs (puff volume) were then taken at 2 seconds (puff duration) every 30 seconds (puff frequency) using a smoking machine.
[000301] Figure 11 shows that, with burning, the temperature of the downstream end of the combustible heat source of the smoking article according to the ninth embodiment of the invention is rapidly raised to between about 1000°C to about 1100 °C as a result of the exothermic reaction between iron oxide (Fe2O3) and the magnesium in it.
[000302] After the initial increase in temperature resulting from the exothermic reaction between iron oxide (Fe2O3) and magnesium, the temperature of the downstream end of the combustible heat source of the smoking article according to the ninth embodiment of the invention drops to a temperature of below about 500°C.EXAMPLE 9
[000303] The third comparative combustible heat sources and the fourth combustible heat sources showing the contents of the burning medium (iron oxide (Fe2O3) and magnesium) shown in Table 2 were prepared as in Example 8 with the mixture of the components shown in Table 3 to form a granulated mixture.
[000304] The downstream end temperature of the combustible heat sources (i) of a smoking article according to the ninth embodiment of the invention, (ii) of a third comparative smoking article; and (iii) a fourth smoking article comparative to the upstream end burn of the combustible heat sources was measured in the smoking article using a thermoelement connected to the surface of the smoking article at one position (illustrated by line P1 in Figure 1 ) 1 mm upstream of the aerosol generating substrate thereof. The results are shown in Figure 12.
[000305] To generate the profiles shown in Figure 12, the upstream ends of the combustible heat sources (i) of the smoking article according to the ninth embodiment of the invention, (ii) of the third comparative smoking article, and (iii ) of the fourth comparative smoking article were ignited using a conventional yellow flame lighter. 55 ml puffs (puff volume) were then taken at 2 seconds (puff duration) every 30 seconds (puff frequency) using a smoking machine.

[000306] Figure 12 shows that, with burning, the temperature of the downstream end of the combustible heat source of the smoking article according to the ninth embodiment of the invention, which has a content of iron oxide (Fe2O3) and magnesium from about 52 percent by weight of the fuel heat source, rapidly increases to between about 1000°C and about 1100°C as a result of the exothermic reaction between the iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) and magnesium therein.
[000307] However, with burning, the temperature of the downstream end of the combustible heat source of the third comparative smoking article, which has an iron oxide (Fe2O3) and magnesium content of about 48 percent by weight fuel element of the combustible heat source, and the temperature of the downstream end of the combustible heat source of the fourth comparative smoking article, which has an iron oxide (Fe2O3) and magnesium content of about 43 percent by dry weight of the combustible heat, do not exhibit an 'increase' in temperature.
[000308] As shown in figure 12, reducing the iron oxide (FeO3) content of the fuel heat source reduces the magnitude of the 'increase' in the temperature of the downstream end of the fuel heat source obtained by burning the end a upstream of the combustible heat source.
[000309] The combustible heat sources according to the invention have to comprise at least one burning medium in an amount of at least about 20 percent by weight of the combustible heat source. However, Figure 12 illustrates that the amount of at least one burning medium that has to be included in order for the second portion of a combustible heat source according to the invention to exhibit the required "increase" in temperature upon burning of the first portion thereof may be greater than about 20 percent dry weight of the combustible heat source depending on at least one specific burning medium included in the combustible heat source.
[000310] The fifth comparative combustible heat sources and the sixth comparative combustible heat sources were prepared as in Example 4 using the components shown in Table 4 to form a granular mixture.

[000311] The downstream end temperature of the combustible heat sources (i) of a smoking article according to the fourth embodiment of the invention, (ii) of a fifth comparative smoking article, and (iii) of a sixth article Comparative smoking of the upstream end of the combustible heat sources was measured on the smoking article using a thermoelement connected to the surface of the smoking article at a position (illustrated by line P1 in Figure 1) 1 mm upstream of the substrate aerosol generation of it. The results are shown in Figure 13.
[000312] To generate the profiles shown in Figure 13, the upstream ends of the combustible heat sources (i) of the smoking article according to the fourth embodiment of the invention, (ii) of the fifth comparative smoking article, and (iii) ) of the sixth comparative smoking article were ignited using a conventional yellow flame lighter. The 5 ml puffs (puff volume) were then taken at 2 seconds (puff duration) every 30 seconds (puff frequency) using a smoking machine.
[000313] Figure 13 shows that, with burning, the temperature of the downstream end of the combustible heat source of the smoking article according to the fourth embodiment of the invention, which has a calcium peroxide content of about 38 per dry weight percent of the combustible heat source rapidly increases to between about 750°C and about 800°C as a result of decomposition of calcium peroxide therein.
[000314] However, with burning, the temperature of the downstream end of the combustible heat source of the fifth comparative smoking article, which does not contain any burning medium, and the temperature of the downstream end of the combustible heat source of the sixth article of comparative smoking, which has an alkali metal burning salt (potassium citrate) content of about 50 percent dry weight of the fuel heat source, does not exhibit an 'increase' in temperature.
[000315] As shown in Figure 13, in the absence of at least one burning medium in an amount of at least about 20 percent dry weight of the combustible heat source, the second portion of a combustible heat source does not exhibit a 'increase' in temperature with the burning of the first portion of it.
[000316] Also as shown in figure 13, even when included in an amount much greater than at least about 20 percent dry weight of the combustible heat source, alkali metal citrate burning salts do not release enough energy with burning the first portion of a combustible heat source to produce an 'increase' in the temperature of the second portion thereof.

权利要求:
Claims (18)
[0001]
1. Combustible heat source (4) for a smoking article (2), characterized in that it comprises carbon and at least one ignition medium selected from the group consisting of metal nitrate salts having a thermal decomposition temperature of minus 600°C, chlorates, peroxides, thermite materials, magnesium, zirconium, and combinations thereof, where at least one ignition medium is present in an amount of at least 20 percent dry weight of the fuel heat source, to combustible heat source (4) having a first portion and an opposite second portion, wherein at least a part (4b) of the combustible heat source (4) between the first portion and the second portion is enclosed in a combustion resistant casing ( 22) which is either heat conductor or substantially impermeable to oxygen, or both, and wherein the combustible heat source (4) is substantially cylindrical and the first portion of the combustible heat source is a first end face of the combustible heat source and the second portion of the combustible heat source is a second opposite end face of the combustible heat source, wherein, upon ignition of the first portion of the combustible heat source (4), the second portion of the source of combustible heat source (4) increases in temperature to a first temperature and whereby, during subsequent combustion of the combustible heat source (4), the second portion of the combustible heat source (4) maintains a second temperature lower than the first temperature.
[0002]
2. Combustible heat source (4) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one ignition medium is present in an amount of less than 65 percent by dry weight of the combustible heat source.
[0003]
3. Combustible heat source (4) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least one ignition means comprises a peroxide.
[0004]
4. Fuel heat source (4) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it further comprises one or more binders.
[0005]
5. Fuel heat source (4) according to claim 4, characterized in that it comprises: one or more organic binders selected from the group consisting of gums, modified celluloses and cellulose derivatives, wheat flour, starches, sugars, vegetable oils, and combinations thereof; one or more inorganic binders selected from the group consisting of clays, aluminosilicate derivatives, alkali activated aluminosilicates, alkali silicates, limestone derivatives, alkaline earth compounds and derivatives, and aluminum compounds and derivatives; or a combination of them.
[0006]
6. Fuel heat source (4) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the temperature of the second portion of the fuel heat source remains substantially stable at the second temperature for at least 3 minutes.
[0007]
7. Fuel heat source (4) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the first temperature is between 400°C and 1200°C.
[0008]
8. Fuel heat source (4) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the second temperature is between 200°C and 1000°C.
[0009]
9. Fuel heat source (4) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the second temperature is between 200°C and 1000°C lower than the first temperature.
[0010]
10. Fuel heat source (4) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the ignition temperature of the first portion is between 200°C and 1000°C.
[0011]
11. Fuel heat source (4) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, with the burning of the first portion of the fuel heat source, the second portion of the fuel heat source has increased its temperature up to the first temperature at a rate of between 100°C/second and 1000°C/second.
[0012]
12. Smoking article (2), characterized in that it comprises a combustible heat source (4) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 11.
[0013]
13. Smoking article (2), characterized in that it comprises: a combustible heat source (4) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 11; and an aerosol generating substrate (6) downstream of the fuel heat source (4), wherein the first portion of the fuel heat source is an upstream end of the fuel heat source and the second portion of the fuel heat source is one end downstream of the combustible heat source.
[0014]
A smoking article (2) according to claim 13, characterized in that at least one rear portion (4b) of the combustible heat source is enclosed in the combustion resistant casing (22).
[0015]
15. A smoking article (2) according to claim 14, characterized in that at least one rear portion (4b) of the combustible heat source and at least one front portion (6a) of the aerosol generating substrate (6 ) are enclosed in the combustion resistant casing (22).
[0016]
16. A smoking article (2) according to claim 15, characterized in that a rear part (6b) of the aerosol generating substrate (6) is not encased in the combustion resistant casing (22).
[0017]
17. A smoking article (2) according to any one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that a front part (4a) of the combustible heat source (4) is not enclosed in the combustion resistant casing (22) .
[0018]
18. A smoking article (2) according to any one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that the combustible heat source (4) is enclosed in the combustion resistant casing (22) throughout substantially its entirety. length.

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WO2021254964A1|2020-06-19|2021-12-23|Philip Morris Products S.A.|Reinforced heat source|

法律状态:
2018-04-03| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|

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2019-07-30| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|

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2020-05-26| B06A| Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|

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2020-11-17| B06A| Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|

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2021-03-23| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|

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2021-06-08| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 01/06/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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EP11250578|2011-06-02|

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EP11250578.9|2011-06-02|

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PCT/EP2012/060411|WO2012164077A1|2011-06-02|2012-06-01|Combustible heat source for a smoking article|

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